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O'Rahilly's historical model is a theory of Irish prehistory put forward by Celtic scholar T. F. O'Rahilly in 1946. It was based on his study of the influences on the Irish language and a critical analysis of Irish mythology. He distinguished four separate waves of Celtic invaders: * The Cruithne or Priteni (c. 700 – 500 BC) * The Builg or Érainn (c. 500 BC) * The Laigin, the Domnainn and the Gálioin (c. 300 BC) * The Goidels or Gael (c. 100 BC) O'Rahilly's work was and remains influential but much of his linguistic work has since been refuted by noted authors such as Kenneth Jackson〔Language and History of Early Britain, Kenneth H. Jackson, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Publications (1953)〕 and John T. Koch〔J T Koch ''Ériu, Alba, Letha: When Was a Language Ancestral to Gaelic First Spoken in Ireland?'', Emania IX (1991)〕 and is not generally the accepted model. Nevertheless, and independent of his linguistic arguments, O'Rahilly's categorizations of most Irish kin groups generally remain accepted, although with important exceptions, e.g. those he believed were the true Gaels cannot actually be demonstrated to be. In any case it is this historical aspect of his work which is most frequently cited in current scholarship. In recent decades, the developing understanding of Irish prehistory has mostly reduced the influence ascribed to "invasions" or mass movements in population. ==The Pretanic colonisation== According to O'Rahilly's model, between 700 and 500 BC, iron-wielding, Celtic-speaking people first settled in Britain and Ireland from the continent. They spoke a P-Celtic tongue, and called themselves Priteni or Pritani. The impact they had upon the native inhabitants can be inferred from the fact that Greek geographers were referring to these islands as the “Pretanic Islands” (αι Πρετανικαι νησοι) by at least 300 BC. It is also possible that the very name “Britain” is derived from Priteni. However, there is no hard evidence for a Pretanic invasion as such. It is much more likely that their settlement of these islands was a gradual one, spread over several centuries. In Britain these Priteni were absorbed by later invaders and lost their cultural identity, except in the far north where they were known to the Romans as Picti, or “painted people,” on account of their practice of decorating their bodies with tattoos (a practice which by then had died out among other Celtic nations). In Ireland, too, the Priteni were largely absorbed by later settlers; but a few pockets of them managed to retain a measure of cultural, if not political, independence well into the Christian era. By then they were identified as Cruithne or Cruthin, a Q-Celtic adaptation of the P-Celtic Priteni. Both words are derived from a root meaning “to shape” or “create.” Celtic tribes generally gave themselves names which were the pluralised forms of names they gave to their deities (in this case “the Creator”). Among the Cruthnian tribes that survived into the Christian era the most prominent were the Dál nAraidi in Ulster, and the Loíges and Fothairt in Leinster. The name of the second of these tribes, modernized as Laois, has been revived and given to one of the counties of Leinster (formerly known as Queen's County). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「O'Rahilly's historical model」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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